Many mothers have low levels of knowledge regarding breastfeeding and demonstrate poor practices, according to this cross-sectional survey (n = 2288) of a representative sample of women aged 15–49 years with at least one live birth in the past year conducted during June and July 2015 in the Boucle du Mouhoun region of Burkina Faso. Only 2% of infants age 6-11 months had a minimum acceptable diet. The findings demonstrate a need for targeted interventions to improve infant nutrition in the area.