The "Three Rs" framework aims to achieve gender equality by recognizing, reducing, and redistributing women's care and domestic work. However, breastfeeding is a unique form of care work that should not be reduced and cannot be directly redistributed to fathers or others.

Adequate maternal nutrition is essential for maternal and infant health, particularly as a major determinant of pregnancy outcomes.

Anemia remains a critical maternal nutrition issue in low- and middle-income countries. Literature search, formative research and baseline surveys, informed the design of interventions to improve adherence to iron and folic acid supplementation in Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia and India.

The Mothers' Milk Tool was developed to make more visible the economic value contributed to society by women's unpaid care work through breastfeeding infants and young children.

Despite proven benefits, less than half of infants and young children globally are breastfed in accordance with the recommendations of WHO.

This Series paper examines how mother and baby attributes at the individual level interact with breastfeeding determinants at other levels, how these interactions drive breastfeeding outcomes, and what policies and interventions are necessary to achieve optimal breastfeeding.