During the COVID-19 pandemic, policy makers and practitioners must learn from mistakes made during the HIV pandemic, when breastfeeding was undermined through isolating infants from their mothers, and formula feeding resulted in more infant deaths than the disease.

Not breastfeeding leads to more than half a million child deaths annually and costs the world economy up to US$1 billion a day.

A billion dollars and two thousand lives, every day. This impactful study, which is the foundation for Alive and Thrive’s online tool, examines the human and economic costs of not breastfeeding.

This paper investigates how the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (the Code) was translated from an international policy framework to protect breastfeeding against inappropriate marketing practices into national level legislation, in the context of the advocacy efforts un